未核化的维护有助于更长时间的车辆停机,并增加空军逻辑准备中队(LRSS)的成本。当车辆需要在预定时间之外修复时,根据其优先级,整个中队的Slated修复时间表是负面的。在维护应该运行的车辆所需的人小时的增加中,在长期的人数量增加时,特别看到了不定期的维护的影响:这可以包括在维护自身上花费的更多人,等待零件到达,花费时间重新组织维修时间表, 和更多。目前LRSS的主导趋势是,他们没有预测维护基础设施,以抵消他们目前经历的未安排维修的涌入,结果,它们的准备程度和性能水平低于所需。我们使用从防御财产和问责系统(DPA)中拉的数据,即LRSS目前用于存储其车辆维护信息。使用我们从DPA收到的历史车辆维护数据,我们独立应用三种不同的算法来构建准确的预测系统,以在任何给定时间优化维护计划。通过物流回归,随机森林和渐变促进树木算法的应用,我们发现一个逻辑回归算法,适合我们的数据,产生了最准确的结果。我们的调查结果表明,不仅继续使用Logistic回归对于我们的研究目的是谨慎的,但有机会进一步调整和优化我们的逻辑回归模型以获得更高的准确性。
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Continual Learning, also known as Lifelong or Incremental Learning, has recently gained renewed interest among the Artificial Intelligence research community. Recent research efforts have quickly led to the design of novel algorithms able to reduce the impact of the catastrophic forgetting phenomenon in deep neural networks. Due to this surge of interest in the field, many competitions have been held in recent years, as they are an excellent opportunity to stimulate research in promising directions. This paper summarizes the ideas, design choices, rules, and results of the challenge held at the 3rd Continual Learning in Computer Vision (CLVision) Workshop at CVPR 2022. The focus of this competition is the complex continual object detection task, which is still underexplored in literature compared to classification tasks. The challenge is based on the challenge version of the novel EgoObjects dataset, a large-scale egocentric object dataset explicitly designed to benchmark continual learning algorithms for egocentric category-/instance-level object understanding, which covers more than 1k unique main objects and 250+ categories in around 100k video frames.
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We study a natural extension of classical empirical risk minimization, where the hypothesis space is a random subspace of a given space. In particular, we consider possibly data dependent subspaces spanned by a random subset of the data, recovering as a special case Nystrom approaches for kernel methods. Considering random subspaces naturally leads to computational savings, but the question is whether the corresponding learning accuracy is degraded. These statistical-computational tradeoffs have been recently explored for the least squares loss and self-concordant loss functions, such as the logistic loss. Here, we work to extend these results to convex Lipschitz loss functions, that might not be smooth, such as the hinge loss used in support vector machines. This unified analysis requires developing new proofs, that use different technical tools, such as sub-gaussian inputs, to achieve fast rates. Our main results show the existence of different settings, depending on how hard the learning problem is, for which computational efficiency can be improved with no loss in performance.
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病变分割是放射线工作流程的关键步骤。手动分割需要长时间的执行时间,并且容易发生可变性,从而损害了放射线研究及其鲁棒性的实现。在这项研究中,对非小细胞肺癌患者的计算机断层扫描图像进行了深入学习的自动分割方法。还评估了手动与自动分割在生存放射模型的性能中的使用。方法总共包括899名NSCLC患者(2个专有:A和B,1个公共数据集:C)。肺部病变的自动分割是通过训练先前开发的建筑NNU-NET进行的,包括2D,3D和级联方法。用骰子系数评估自动分割的质量,以手动轮廓为参考。通过从数据集A的手动和自动轮廓中提取放射性的手工制作和深度学习特征来探索自动分割对患者生存的放射素模型对患者生存的性能的影响。评估并比较模型的精度。结果通过平均2D和3D模型的预测以及应用后处理技术来提取最大连接的组件,可以实现具有骰子= 0.78 +(0.12)的自动和手动轮廓之间的最佳一致性。当使用手动或自动轮廓,手工制作或深度特征时,在生存模型的表现中未观察到统计差异。最好的分类器显示出0.65至0.78之间的精度。结论NNU-NET在自动分割肺部病变中的有希望的作用已得到证实,从而大大降低了时必的医生的工作量,而不会损害基于放射线学的生存预测模型的准确性。
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磁共振成像(MRI)是中风成像的中心方式。它被用来接受患者的治疗决定,例如选择患者进行静脉溶栓或血管内治疗。随后在住院期间使用MRI来通过可视化梗塞核心大小和位置来预测结果。此外,它可以用来表征中风病因,例如(心脏) - 栓塞和非胚胎中风之间的区分。基于计算机的自动医疗图像处理越来越多地进入临床常规。缺血性中风病变分割(ISLE)挑战的先前迭代有助于生成鉴定急性和急性缺血性中风病变分割的基准方法。在这里,我们介绍了一个专家注册的多中心MRI数据集,以分割急性到亚急性中风病变。该数据集包括400个多供应商MRI案例,中风病变大小,数量和位置的可变性很高。它分为n = 250的训练数据集和n = 150的测试数据集。所有培训数据将公开可用。测试数据集将仅用于模型验证,并且不会向公众发布。该数据集是Isles 2022挑战的基础,目的是找到算法方法,以实现缺血性中风的稳健和准确分割算法的开发和基准测试。
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语言模型既展示了定量的改进,又展示了新的定性功能,随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响,但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息,为破坏性的新模型能力做准备,并改善社会有害的效果,至关重要的是,我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战,我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准(Big Bench)。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成,由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的,从语言学,儿童发展,数学,常识性推理,生物学,物理学,社会偏见,软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号,Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为,跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外,一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务,以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括:模型性能和校准都随规模改善,但绝对的术语(以及与评估者的性能相比);在模型类中的性能非常相似,尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分,而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标;社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加,但这可以通过提示来改善。
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Given a finite and noisy dataset generated with a closed-form mathematical model, when is it possible to learn the true generating model from the data alone? This is the question we investigate here. We show that this model-learning problem displays a transition from a low-noise phase in which the true model can be learned, to a phase in which the observation noise is too high for the true model to be learned by any method. Both in the low-noise phase and in the high-noise phase, probabilistic model selection leads to optimal generalization to unseen data. This is in contrast to standard machine learning approaches, including artificial neural networks, which in this particular problem are limited, in the low-noise phase, by their ability to interpolate. In the transition region between the learnable and unlearnable phases, generalization is hard for all approaches including probabilistic model selection.
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联合学习(FL)作为边缘设备的有希望的技术,以协作学习共享预测模型,同时保持其训练数据,从而解耦了从需要存储云中的数据的机器学习的能力。然而,在规模和系统异质性方面,FL难以现实地实现。虽然有许多用于模拟FL算法的研究框架,但它们不支持在异构边缘设备上进行可扩展的流程。在本文中,我们呈现花 - 一种全面的FL框架,通过提供新的设施来执行大规模的FL实验并考虑丰富的异构流程来区分现有平台。我们的实验表明花卉可以仅使用一对高端GPU在客户尺寸下进行FL实验。然后,研究人员可以将实验无缝地迁移到真实设备中以检查设计空间的其他部分。我们认为花卉为社区提供了一个批判性的新工具,用于研究和发展。
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我们研究了非参数脊的最小二乘的学习属性。特别是,我们考虑常见的估计人的估计案例,由比例依赖性内核定义,并专注于规模的作用。这些估计器内插数据,可以显示规模来通过条件号控制其稳定性。我们的分析表明,这是不同的制度,具体取决于样本大小,其尺寸与问题的平滑度之间的相互作用。实际上,当样本大小小于数据维度中的指数时,可以选择比例,以便学习错误减少。随着样本尺寸变大,总体错误停止减小但有趣地可以选择规模,使得噪声引起的差异仍然存在界线。我们的分析结合了概率,具有来自插值理论的许多分析技术。
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Advances in computer vision and machine learning techniques have led to significant development in 2D and 3D human pose estimation from RGB cameras, LiDAR, and radars. However, human pose estimation from images is adversely affected by occlusion and lighting, which are common in many scenarios of interest. Radar and LiDAR technologies, on the other hand, need specialized hardware that is expensive and power-intensive. Furthermore, placing these sensors in non-public areas raises significant privacy concerns. To address these limitations, recent research has explored the use of WiFi antennas (1D sensors) for body segmentation and key-point body detection. This paper further expands on the use of the WiFi signal in combination with deep learning architectures, commonly used in computer vision, to estimate dense human pose correspondence. We developed a deep neural network that maps the phase and amplitude of WiFi signals to UV coordinates within 24 human regions. The results of the study reveal that our model can estimate the dense pose of multiple subjects, with comparable performance to image-based approaches, by utilizing WiFi signals as the only input. This paves the way for low-cost, broadly accessible, and privacy-preserving algorithms for human sensing.
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